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	<title>The Politics of Systems &#187; actor-network theory</title>
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	<description>Thoughts on Power and Software</description>
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		<title>&#8220;seeing&#8221; the Web and a Karl Pearson citation</title>
		<link>http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/2009/07/24/seeing-the-web-and-and-a-karl-pearson-citation/</link>
		<comments>http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/2009/07/24/seeing-the-web-and-and-a-karl-pearson-citation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:29:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bernhard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[actor-network theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[epistemolgy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[network theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[statistics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/?p=50</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Over the last couple of years, the social sciences have been increasingly interested in using computer-based tools to analyze the complexity of the social ant farm that is the Web. Issuecrawler was one of the first of such tools and today researchers are indeed using very sophisticated pieces of software to &#8220;see&#8221; the Web. Sciences-Po, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Over the last couple of years, the social sciences have been increasingly interested in using computer-based tools to analyze the complexity of the social ant farm that is the Web. <a href="http://www.issuecrawler.net" target="_blank">Issuecrawler</a> was one of the first of such tools and today researchers are indeed using very sophisticated pieces of software to <a href="http://rtgi.fr/" target="_blank">&#8220;see&#8221; the Web</a>. Sciences-Po, one of these rather strange french institutions that were founded to educate the elite but which now have to increasingly justify their existence by producing research, has recently hired Bruno Latour to head their new <a href="http://medialab.sciences-po.fr" target="_blank">médialab</a>, which will most probably head into that very direction. Given Latour&#8217;s background (and the fact that Paul Girard, a very competent former colleague at my lab, heads the R&amp;D departement), this should be really very  interesting. I do hope that there will be occasion to tackle the most compelling methodological question when in comes to the application of computers (or mathematics in general) to analyzing human life, which is beautifully framed in a rather reluctant statement from 1889 by Karl Pearson, a major figure in the history of statistics:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Personally I ought to say that there is, in my own opinion, considerable danger in applying the methods of exact science to problems in descriptive science, whether they be problems of heredity or of political economy; the grace and logical accuracy of the mathematical processes are apt to so fascinate the descriptive scientist that he seeks for sociological hypotheses which fit his mathematical reasoning and this without first ascertaining whether the basis of his hypotheses is as broad as that human life to which the theory is to be applied.&#8221; cit. in. Stigler, Stephen M.: The History of Statistics. Harvard University Press, 1990 p. 304</p></blockquote>
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		<title>from application to infrastructure (and a little ANT)</title>
		<link>http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/2007/10/24/from-application-to-infrastructure-and-a-little-ant/</link>
		<comments>http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/2007/10/24/from-application-to-infrastructure-and-a-little-ant/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Oct 2007 17:28:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bernhard</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[actor-network theory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social networks]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/2007/10/24/from-application-to-infrastructure-and-a-little-ant/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Since MySpace and Facebook have become such a big hype, lot of text has been dedicated to social networking. For people like myself whose social drive is not very developed, the attraction of &#8220;hey, dude, I love you so much!!!&#8221; is pretty difficult to parse into a familiar frame of reference, but apparently there&#8217;s something [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since MySpace and Facebook have become such a big hype, lot of text has been dedicated to social networking. For people like myself whose social drive is not very developed, the attraction of &#8220;hey, dude, I love you so much!!!&#8221; is pretty difficult to parse into a familiar frame of reference, but apparently there&#8217;s something to all that cuddling online. Being alone has to be <a href="http://www.43things.com/things/view/387129" title="http://www.43things.com/things/view/387129" target="_blank">learned</a> after all. I somehow can&#8217;t shake the feeling that people are going to get bored with all the poking eventually&#8230;</p>
<p>Independently form that, there is something really interesting about Facebook and that is, of course, Facebook Platform, the API that allows third party developers to write plug-in like applications for the system. Some of them are really impressive (<a href="http://thepoliticsofsystems.net/wp-admin/facebook%20platform" title="facebook platform" target="_blank">socialistics</a> and the <a href="http://www.touchgraph.com/TGFacebookBrowser.html" title="http://www.touchgraph.com/TGFacebookBrowser.html" target="_blank">touchgraph</a> app come to mind), others are not. What I find fascinating about the whole thing is that in a certain sense, the social network (the actual &#8220;connections&#8221; between people &#8211; yes, the quotes are not a mistake) becomes an infrastructure that specific can applications &#8220;run&#8221; on. For the moment, this idea has not yet been pushed all that far, but it is pretty easy to imagine where this could go (from filesharing to virtual yard sale, from identity management to marketing nirvana). In a sense, &#8220;special interest&#8221; social networks (like LinkedIn who&#8217;s currently scrambling to develop their own platform) could plug onto Facebook and instead of having many accounts for different systems you&#8217;ve got your Facebook ID (FB <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Live_ID" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Live_ID" target="_blank">Passport</a>) and load the app for a specific function. If the computer is a Universal Machine, the Internet the Universal Network, Facebook Platform might just become what sociologists since Durkheim have been talking about: the universal incarnation of sociality. Very practical indeed &#8211; when Latour tells us that <a href="http://www.bruno-latour.fr/livres/xii.chapter%20intro%20ANT.html" title="http://www.bruno-latour.fr/livres/xii.chapter%20intro%20ANT.html" target="_blank">the social</a> is not explaining anything but is, in fact, that what has to be explained, we can simply say: Facebook. That&#8217;s the Social.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s of course far around the corner and futurism is rarely time well spent &#8211; but still, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor-network_theory" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor-network_theory" target="_blank">actor-network theory</a> is becoming more intelligible by the day. Heterogeneous Associations? Well, you just have to look at the Facebook interface and it&#8217;s all there, from relationship status to media preferences &#8211; just click on <em>Le Fabuleux Destin d&#8217;Amélie Poulain</em> on you profile page (come on, I know it&#8217;s there) and there&#8217;s the list of all the other people whose cool facade betrays a secret romantic. This is a case of mediation and it&#8217;s both technical and symbolic, part Facebook, part Amélie, part postmodern emptiness and longing for simpler times. Heterogeneous, quoi.</p>
<p>A Facebook Platform thought to its end could mediate on many additional levels, take part in producing the social through many other types of attachment, when it will no longer be a social network application but a social network infrastructure. At least Actor-Network theory will be a lot easier to teach then&#8230;</p>
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